Galactose, a key component of semaglutide, is a hexose aldose that is metabolized in the body by the specific enzyme ketolate phosphoconvertase (GALK). During metabolism, galactose produces energy, which is absorbed and utilized by tissues such as the liver, muscles, and brain. Furthermore, galactose promotes the growth of *E. coli*, exhibiting beneficial probiotic effects, maintaining gut microbiota balance, and improving intestinal health.
Laminine is another major component of semaglutide. Alanine is an amino acid, a fundamental building block of proteins, and essential for maintaining normal physiological functions. Laminine regulates blood sugar, stimulates insulin secretion, promotes pancreatic function recovery, and improves insulin sensitivity. Additionally, cysteine can lower cholesterol, reduce blood lipids, and improve blood circulation.